Reference List

1. Dempsey, J. (2015, June 18). The five oddest sports ever included in the summer Olympic Game. Retrieve from http://www.newstalk.com/The-five-oddest-sports-ever-included-in-the-summer-Olympic-Games
2. Wihbey, J. (2014, February 3). Economic and cultural benefits of the Olympics: Research roundup - Retrieve from http://journalistsresource.org/studies/society/culture/economic-and-cultural-benefits-of-the-olympics-research-roundup#sthash.ptCkkIJf.dpuf. 
3. News, R. (2013, February 4). Most expensive Olympics in history: Sochi 2014 Games to cost over $50 billion. Retrieve from http://www.rt.com/business/sochi-cost-record-history-404/
4. Staff, H. (2009, April 6). First modern Olympic Games. Retrieve from http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-modern-olympic-games
5. Education P. 2015. Olympics Fun Facts. Fact Monster Sports. Pearson Education. Retrieve from http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0771580.html
6. Taylor, A. Why Sochi Is By Far The Most Expensive Olympics Ever (accessed Jan 2015).Retrieve from http://www.businessinsider.my/why-sochi-is-by-far-the-most-expensive-olympics-ever-2014-1/#Tlfu8F5Q5pZkp51V.97
7. Appelbaum, B. (2014, August 5). Does Hosting the Olympics Actually Pay Off? The New York Times Megazine, 14-14. Retrieve from http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/10/magazine/does-hosting-the-olympics-actually-pay-off.html?_r=1
8. Summer vs. Winter Olympics. (2015, August 24). Retrieved from http://www.diffen.com/difference/Summer_Olympics_vs_Winter_Olympics
9. Lovgren, Stefan, and Ted Chamberlain. "Ancient Olympics Had "Spectacular" Opening Ceremony." National Geographic. National Geographic Society, 27 July 2012. Web. Retrieve from http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/07/120727-2012-olympics-opening-ceremony-ancient-london-world-summer-games/
10. "ANCIENT OLYMPIC GAMES." Olympic Movement. Olympic Org, 2015. Web. Retrieve from http://www.olympic.org/olympic-games
11. Llc, F. (2015). 2004 Athens Games. Retrieve from http://www.forbes.com/pictures/ed45ejlil/2-2004-athens-games-15-billion/
12. Levin, Sammie. "HC's Guide to the 2012 Summer Olympics." Her Campus. July 27, 2012.Retrieve from http://www.hercampus.com/life/entertainment/hcs-guide-2012-summer-olympics
13. Nostos. (2000). Anciet Olympic Game. brief History of Olympic Game, 2012. Retrieve from http://www.nostos.com/olympics/

Conclusion

Hello, now we have come to the conclusion the last post. From my finding, I found that there are a lot of people that did not know about the existance of the Winter Olympic Game. The sports that been play in the Summer Olympic Game is more famous sports than that been play in the Winter Olympic, and the athletes that born from the Summer Olympic is more well known than the athletes from the Winter Olympic. As for me, I also did know much about Winter Olympic. But after I write about this topic, I have gains many new knowledge and I hope all of the readers to can gain knowledge form my writing. Thanks

The most memorable Olympic opening ceremonies

For my perspective, the most memorable opening ceremony is the London 2012 summer Olympic Game it is also my favourite. Yes, maybe it is not the same as the one you like beccause you have your own perspective. In this opening ceremonies Daniel Craig reprises his role as British secret agent James Bond as he accompanies Her Majesty The Queen to the opening ceremony of the London 2012 Olympic Games.The Ceremony also featured appearances from Mr. Bean, Monty Python and a re-imagining of the British Industrial Revolution. The Summer Games happened and then a concert broke out. If you weren't sure of all the great musicians that have come from Britain, this "Inspire a Generation" theme at the Summer Games made sure you did by the end of it. It felt more like a royal get-together with the likes of Mr. Bean, Daniel Craig and Queen Elizabeth, especially when the ceremony paid homage to way the British have cemented themselves into pop culture playing music by The Who, the Rolling Stones and Queen, just name a few.

Top 3 inspiring Olympic moment

Such great event as the Olympic game surely have a great treasury moment that inspiring and motivate others to be a better person. As here I'll share some great inspiring moment shown by the Athlete.

3. Lawrence Lemieux

For a sportsman that compete in a big tournament, their target is to win the game. Same as when Canadian sailor Lawrence Lemieux began racing at the 1988 South Korea Olympics, he fully intended on playing to win. But when — amid dangerous winds — he noticed a competitor's capsized boat, he disqualified himself, abandoning the race to help save the two injured sailors. After handing the competitors off to a rescue crew, he resumed the race and still beat out 11 of the other competitors (coming in 21st out of 32). While he didn't win silver (which his original pace could have easily earned him), Lemieux was awarded an honorary medal for his heroic act.

2. Korean Unification Flag

South & North Korea march together under one flag

An unbelieveble moment when South and North Korea marched together under one flag. Following decades of unrest post-Korean war, North and South Korea found common ground for the 2000 Sydney Olympics, marching together in the Opening Ceremonies under a unified flag (and uniforms). While the two countries did compete separately, their joint marching symbolized an openness to peace and cooperation.

1. Derek Redmond

Redmond cried after his father help him to finish his race

Derek Redmond, a British runner specializing in the 400 meters, tore his hamstring halfway through a semi-final race in the 1992 Barcelona Summer Olympics. A favorite for the medals podium, Redmond refused to give up and rose to finish the race despite his intense pain. But the most memorable moment came next, when the runner's father leapt over the railing from the stands and helped his son complete the race. Steps from the finish line and with the crowd cheering them on, he let go of Derek, so his son could cross the finish line by himself.

Top medal winner in the Olympic History

Michael Phelps

The primary aim of most Olympic Games athletes is to win a gold medal, though winning any medal is a great achievement for most of them. Do you know who is Michael Phelps? Michael Phelps is the most Olympic golds and most medals in total. Michael Fred Phelps is an American swimmer and highest gold winner in Olympics. He is 18-time Olympic gold medalist, who currently holds seven world records in swimming. He is the most decorated Olympian of all time, with a total of 22 medals 18 gold, 2 silver and 2 bronze medals.

Phelps also holds the all-time records for Olympic gold medals (18, double the second highest record holders), Olympic gold medals in individual events (11), and Olympic medals in individual events for a male (13). In winning eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Games, Phelps took the record for the most first-place finishes at any single Olympic Games. Five of those victories were in individual events, tying the single Games record. In the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Phelps won four gold and two silver medals, making him the most successful athlete of the Games for the third Olympics in a row.

Benefits toward the host nation

Hello guys, do you think that hosting the Olympics actually pay off for the host nation? Okay we take the example from London 2012 Olympic Game. As we can see, by Hosting the Olympic Game it can help to:

1.  Generate jobs opportunities
2.  Increase the tourism industry
3.  Boost construction project

In the lead-up to London 2012, Games-related projects helped generate thousands of jobs opportunities in Great Britain during the worst global recession in more than 60 years, and economists are predicting that the economic benefits of hosting the Games will continue. The Games also had a positive impact on unemployment levels, with independent experts reporting that Games preparations were a major factor behind a 1.2 per cent reduction in London's unemployment rate in early 2012. Estimates now suggest that the 2012 Games are expected to create 17,900 additional jobs per year between 2012 and 2015, with 70,000 workless Londoners already helped into Games-related employment, creating a labour market legacy. Secondly it also help to promote the host nation towards the world, As by hosting the 2012 Olympic game large number of tourists who flocked to London for the 2012 Olympic Games also helped lift the British economy, with figures released by the Office of National Statistics showing that the 590,000 people who visited the city for the Games, or attended a ticketed event, spent an average of GBP 1,290 during their visit, compared with GBP 650 by other visitors. Lasty one of the main areas of the economy that benefited from the Games was the construction industry, with a report commissioned by the UK government revealing that construction projects for London 2012 had given the UK economy a £7.3 billion boost. It help the construction industries by projects offer to prepare for the game

London 2012 Olympic Stadium

Rio 2016

Rio 2016 Sports Facilities

2016 Olympic will be at "This is Brazil", after an arduous struggle, Brazil emerged victorious when the IOC (International Olympic Committee) nominated Rio de Janeiro to host the ‘Games of the XXXI Olympiad’.
The Brazilian government has put their hands into their pocket to churn out an estimated $25.9 billion, an unprecedented figure in the history of sport
Accommodation and transport are being upgraded to cope with the demands of mass tourism that will arise from this event. Many old buildings laden with graffiti and sport shattered windows have been renovated. Numerous restaurants, stores and cultural sites have popped up as well. It’s all about dressing up the city for the celebrations. Preparation for the 2016 Summer Olympics has generated thousands of construction jobs and a large investment in advanced technologies towards the safety and security of the event. Brazil seems to be going out of their way to give the biggest festival of sports the “oomph” it deserves.

RIO 2016

     

Live your passion

The theme for the 2016 Olympics is “Live your Passion”, that will run from 5th August 2016 until 21st August 2016. Rio has completed most of the Olympic venues:
Joao Havelange Stadium
Maria Lenk Aquatic Center
Rio Olympic Arena
Rio Olympic Velodrome
National Equestrian Center
National Shooting Center
The games will be held in four zone:Barra, Copacabana, Maracana and Deodoro.

Most Expensive Olympic Preparation

Wow! Do you know how much a nation must spend to prepare for Olympic? Okay for the Sochi Winter Olympics cost Russia over $50 billion, five times more than original estimates, according to an Olympics preparation commission. The 2014 Sochi Winter Games are turning out to be the most expensive Olympics ever.

Differences between Preparation Cost

Sochi has wildly overrun its original budget, which was set at $12 billion when Russia won its bid in 2007. While it’s not that unusual to overrun an Olympic budget 

There are some factors that Sochi cost too much

Sochi perhaps isn’t the most logical place for a Winter Olympic Games.While it does get cold in winter, there have been some concerns it might not be cold enough, and there have been some drastic measures taken to ensure that there is enough snow on the ground for the events.

Partly because of this, it required a large amount of construction. Case in point, the 31-mile road between Sochi and Polyana, a mountain resort hosting the ski and snowboard events for the games, had to be built because Sochi had no areas suitable for snow-based events. Russia is probably spending a huge amount of money on making sure terrorists’ plans for Sochi fail. Why would a country even want to have an event like the Olympics if it’s going to cost some $50 billion?  “mega events” such as the Olympics, the World Cup, and the World’s Fair, and found they have a variety of effects both in the short term and the long term. Most host countries expect “certain benefits” from hosting a mega event, including improved infrastructure, prestige, and putting themselves on the map globally. A big issue, however, is whether you can actually receive these benefits — and whether they are worth it.

Sochi Infrastructure Cost

Olympic Game host selection

IOC (International Olympic Committee)

Okay for your information, it is not easy to be a host nation for the Olympic game. The Olympic Charter highlights the three main constituent groups of the Olympic Movement and their different roles and responsibilities with regard to the Olympic Games. They are the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the National Olympic Committees (NOCs) and the International Federations (IFs). In addition to these three, can be added the Organising Committee for the Olympic Games (OCOG), which is responsible for the preparation and hosting of a particular edition of the Games.The Olympic Games is a unique and complex project that also offers manifold benefits and opportunities,  and, for this reason, for a city to host successful Olympic Games, many years of careful and precise planning are required, with all of the relevant organisations, authorities and stakeholders working together. The host city election takes place seven years before the Games, but the actual bid process is launched 10 years before and lasts for a period of three years. The three-year bid process is split into three phases (each lasting approximately one year) and is governed by the Olympic Charter (Rule 33 and its bye-law):
- Phase I: Invitation Phase
- Phase II : Applicant Phase
- Phase III: Candidature Phase

Invitation Phase
With the adoption of Olympic Agenda 2020, a strategic roadmap for the Olympic Movement, the IOC has introduced the Invitation Phase where NOCs are invited to declare their interest in bidding to the IOC. The IOC provides a range of services to NOCs and cities which are interested in bidding.
At the end of the invitation phase, NOCs and cities are invited to commit to the bid process and a city becomes an official Applicant City.

Applicant Phase
During Phase II, cities develop their vision and concept. The IOC provides the Applicant City and its NOC with the full package of bid documentation including a full list of the Olympic Games “detailed obligations” as well as the Applicant and Candidate City Procedures and Questionnaires. Also provided are the Olympic Charter and the Host City Contract, which includes details of the IOC’s contribution to the organisation of the Games.

Candidature Phase
The Candidate Cities are requested to answer the third-phase IOC questionnaire and submit more detailed plans to the IOC which are contained in a Candidature File (a city’s blueprint for the Olympic Games).

Election of the Host City
Following a final Candidate City presentation and a report by the Evaluation Commission Chair, the IOC members vote by secret ballot and elect the host city. The newly elected host city then signs the Host City Contract with the IOC.

How to participate in Olympic Game

Taking part in the Olympic Games is every athlete’s dream, and requires huge amounts of determination and long years of training. If you are an Athlete do you want to compete in the biggest sport event on the earth? What is the rule to compete in the Olympic game. Okay, do you wonder if there is an age limit for someone to compete in Olympic?  There is no specific age limit for taking part in the Olympic Games. This depends on each International Sports Federation and the rules it lays down for its sport. And to compete in the Olympic arena, there is a standart that the Athlete must pass. For an example for someone to compete in the 100m sprint they must run under 10.30 sec in 3 months time before the Olympic starts.

Weird sport that have been play in the Olympic game

Do you know that some host nation include some of their traditional sports that can be consider as an odd sports to other nations? Here are 3 oddest sport that have been play in the summer Olympic history.

3: Plunge diving
Held only once at the 1904 games, this diving discipline demands a diver plunge from a stationary take-off from a height of 18 inches above the surface of the water. Each diver then had to plunge as deeply as possible into the water for a period of 60 seconds, without imparting any propulsion from their arms or legs. It was a clean sweep of medals for the American team at the St Louis games – hardly surprising given that all five divers were from the US.

2: Hot-air ballooning
At the 1900 games, a number of hot-air balloon events, including elevation, duration, and distance, were swept away by the home team.

1: Rope climb
This event featured at four different Olympic games from the first modern one in 1896 through to 1932. Contestants had to scale a rope of 15 metres as high as they could, and where competitors made it to the same level on the rope, judges made a decision based on speed and form. Contestants where only allowed to use their hands to climb, so the competition was a serious test of upper-body strength.

Rope Climb Sports

Attention Sport

What is atlethics? The sport of athletics is an exclusive collection of sporting events that involve competitive running, jumping, throwing, and walking. The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field. Athletics has been contested at every Summer Olympics since the birth of the modern Olympic movement at the 1896 Summer Olympics. The athletics competitions at the 2012 Olympic Games in London were held during the last 10 days of the Games, on 3–12 August. Track and field events took place at the Olympic Stadium in east London. The road events, however, started and finished on The Mall in central London. 

Olympic 2012 Stadium

Over 2,000 athletes from 201 nations competed in 47 events in total, with both men and women having a very similar schedule of events. Men competed in 24 events and women in 23 The Olympic game is the most prestigious stage for the track and field sports. Many world classes athlete from this sport born and shine through the Olympic game. One of big name that create history through the Olympic is Usain Bolt a Jamaican sprinter. Usain Bolt became the first man in Olympic history to win both the 100-meter and 200-meter races in world record times in 2008. Four years later, at the London Olympics, he became the first man to win gold medals in both the 100 and 200 at consecutive Olympic Games and the first man in history to set three world records in a single Olympic Games competition.

Usain Bolt the fastet man on the earth

The Sport in the Olympic Game

The Olympics is the world’s most prestigious international sports competition, in which thousands of athletes from around the globe who qualified for their nation’s team participate in events for the sport they play. And do you know that almost all of the nation in the world compete in this event? more than 200 nations are involved in both the Summer and Winter Olympics, which feature different seasonal sports. Some fixed sports that always played at the summer Olympic game are  Archery, Badminton, Basketball, Beach Volleyball, Boxing, Canoe/Kayak, Cycling, Diving, Equestrian, Fencing, Gymnastics, Hanball, Hockey, Judo, Modern Pentathon, Rowing, Sailing, Shooting, Soccer/football, Swimming, Synchronized Swimming, Table Tennis, Taekwondo, Tennis, Track and Field, Triathlon, Volleyball, Water Polo, Weightlifting, Wrestling and many other sports. While, in the winter Olympic there are 15 sports that categorized into three main categories: (1) ice sports, (2) alpine, skiing and snowboarding events, and (3) Nordic events. In each of these sports categories there are more specific events as listed.

1. Ice Sports
Bobsled
Luge
Skeleton
Ice Hockey
Figure Skating 
Speed Skating
Short Track Speed Skating 
Curling

2. winter olympics snowboardingAlpine, Skiing and Snowboarding Events
Alpine Skiing 
Freestyle Skiing 
Snowboarding 

3. Nordic Events
Biathlon 
Cross-Country Skiing 
Ski Jumping
Nordic Combined 

Differences between summer and winter Olympic game

Summer Olympic Game

Winter Olympic Game

Hye, now lets discuss about the differences between summer and winter Olympic game. the first modern summer Olympic was held on 1896 and 28 years later on 1924 first winter Olympic was held at France same venue with the summer Olympic. Interestingly, both these editions were held in the same years, until the year 1992, before the IOC (International Olympic committee) decided to organize the two events at a gap of every two years. As a consequence, the next Winter Olympics was held in the year 1994, instead of being held in the year 1996. Summer Olympics are the Olympic Games which are mainly held in the summer season. The games and sporting events organized at the Summer Olympics are totally in contrast to the ones held at Winter Olympics. It is also fair to say that this is the competition which stages the most competitive and the most widely followed sporting events of the world. These events include the likes of athletics, football, basketball, swimming, weightlifting, hockey, volleyball, badminton, gymnastics, etc. The Summer Olympic Games also enjoy a wider fan base and an enormous television audience than its winter counterpart. The Winter Olympics, as the name suggests, are held particularly in the winter season. The games played are specific to this kind of season, and are also called as winter sports. Some of the most popular winter sports such as ice-skating, figure skating, ice hockey, snowboarding, skiing, etc.Like Winter Olympics, the Summer Olympics too are held over a time frame of two to three weeks. The process of awarding the medals also remains the same. The upcoming Summer Olympics are going to be held in the year 2016, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The Modern Olympic

Hye guys, do you know that it took 1503 years for the Olympics to return. The first modern Olympics were held in Athens, Greece, in 1896. The man responsible for its rebirth was a Frenchman named Baron Pierre de Coubertin, who presented the idea in 1894. His original thought was to unveil the modern Games in 1900 in his native Paris, but delegates from 34 countries were so enthralled with the concept that they convinced him to move the Games up to 1896 and have Athens serve as the first host. De Coubertin’s 1894 conference created the International Olympic Committee (IOC), which has run the Games ever since. The IOC chooses the host cities and sets the rules for competing. In recent years, its reputation has been hurt by scandals over corruption and bribery in the selection of the host cities. Baron de Coubertin saw the Olympics as a place in which sporting excellence could be celebrated. The ideal was to build international understanding and cooperation. The Olympic code promotes amateurism, or performance without payment, and professionals are allowed to participate only under certain rules. In Athens, 280 participants from 13 nations competed in 43 events, covering track-and-field, swimming, gymnastics, cycling, wrestling, weightlifting, fencing, shooting, and tennis. All the competitors were men. In 1924, the first truly successful Olympic Games were held in Paris, involving more than 3,000 athletes, including more than 100 women, from 44 nations. The first Winter Olympic Games were also held that year.

Beckham hold the 2012 Olympic Torch

The idea of the Olympic torch or Olympic Flame was first inaugurated in the 1928 Olympic Games in Amsterdam. There was no torch relay in the ancient Olympic Games. However, torch relays in other ancient Greek athletic festivals including those held at Athens. The modern Olympic torch relay was first instituted at the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin.

Greek Theory

There is a myth or theory that the Ancient Olympic game were originally a part of religious festival in honor of Zeus, the father of the Greek god and goddess. The festival and the games were held in Olympia, a rural sanctuary site in the western Peloponnesos. The Greeks that came to the Sanctuary of Zeus at Olympia shared the same religious beliefs and spoke the same language. The athletes were all male citizens of the city-states from every corner of the Greek world, coming from as far away as Iberia (Spain) in the west and the Black Sea (Turkey) in the east. The sanctuary was named in antiquity after Mt. Olympos , the highest mountain in mainland Greece. In Greek mythology, Mt. Olympos was the home of the greatest of the Greek gods and goddesses.

Myron's Discobolos (Discus Thrower) shows the Greek emphasis on the beauty of the human form. 

Do you all know that the earliest recorded Olympics occurred in 776 B.C.E? The events at Olympia in 776 BC were sprints and horse races. Later, longer races were added, including sprints wearing full armor. Chariot racing and combat sports such as boxing and wrestling were soon regular features. All events were held in a stadium. The open-air track for horse racing was called a hippodrome.The Romans invaded Olympia in 85 BC. The Games continued under Roman rule, but were disrupted by a Germanic invasion around AD 300. The Games became part of a pagan festival until the Christian emperor Theodosius I ordered the closure of all pagan events in 393. The last ancient games were held in 394 C.E. the Romans, who had conquered the Greeks, outlawed them. During the Olympics, leaders from the various city-states discussed important political and economic matters. In the ancient world, major leaders rarely met the same place at the same time. As the games approached, everyone generally agreed to an Olympic truce, a time when warfare usually ceased. Athletes and spectators were granted immunity to travel to and from the games.

The History of the Olympic Game

Hello and a very good day to all the readers, I am Ahmad Hidayat bin Abdul Kadir. In this blog my topic will be about the Olympic Game, maybe some of you already know the fact about the Olympic game. But my objectives on writing this topic is first because of my own interest towards the world's biggest sporting spectacle and secondly to tell to the reader that still do not know what is the Olympic Game, about :

1.  The history of Olympic game (summer and winter)
2.  The sports that play in the Olympic game
3.  The preparation make by the host nation
4.  The benefits of Olympic game towards the host nation

From these four objectives, I will then focusing on more specific scope to let the readers acknowledge more about the Olympic game. In the same time, I will also gain new knowledge after making the research about this topic. Sports is also one of main cultural activity that can unite and keep the whole world in peace. Last but not least, a lot of thank to Pn. Hawinda bt Karmon that approved my blog proposal to write about this topic.